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Ginkgo Biloba: Benefits for Memory and Circulation, How It Works and Safety

The ancient tree with a modern following.

Quick answer

Ginkgo biloba is an extract of the leaves of the ginkgo tree, one of the oldest living tree species. Standardized extracts contain about 24% flavonoid glycosides and 6% terpene lactones, which support circulation, including blood flow to the brain, and provide antioxidant protection. Research on memory and cognition has produced mixed results, with some studies showing modest support. Ginkgo is generally well tolerated but can cause headache or stomach upset, and it may increase bleeding risk with blood thinners, so it should be stopped before surgery.

Key takeaways

Ginkgo trees have existed for more than 200 million years, and ginkgo leaf extract is one of the world's most popular herbal supplements.

Ginkgo at a glance

TopicDetail
Part usedLeaves
Active compoundsFlavonoid glycosides, terpene lactones
Main usesCirculation, memory, focus
Common side effectsHeadache, stomach upset, dizziness
Key cautionBleeding risk with blood thinners

How ginkgo works

Circulation

Ginkgo supports healthy blood flow in small vessels, including those supplying the brain.

Antioxidant protection

Its flavonoids help neutralise free radicals.

Platelet effects

Ginkgolides affect platelet activity, which is why it can interact with blood thinners.

What research shows

Studies of ginkgo for memory in healthy older adults have produced mixed results; some show modest benefits for attention and memory, while large trials did not find it prevented dementia. Ginkgo is best seen as one part of a brain-healthy routine. Brain Savior combines ginkgo with phosphatidylserine, bacopa, Siberian ginseng and alpha lipoic acid.

Safety: do not combine ginkgo with warfarin, clopidogrel, aspirin or other blood thinners without medical advice, and stop at least two weeks before surgery or dental procedures. People with epilepsy should also check with their doctor.

Sources

  1. NCCIH – "Ginkgo."
  2. DeKosky S.T. et al. – "Ginkgo biloba for prevention of dementia," JAMA, 2008.
  3. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center – "Ginkgo" (About Herbs).

Common questions

What does ginkgo biloba do?

It supports circulation, including blood flow to the brain, and provides antioxidants.

Is ginkgo good for memory?

Research is mixed; some studies show modest support for attention and memory.

Who should avoid ginkgo?

People on blood thinners or before surgery, unless a doctor approves.

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